Material de las clases – C2

Antes de empezar: cómo usar esta sección

Ellipsis & substitution

Nominal clauses & abstract noun phrases

Discourse markers

Inversion for emphasis

Hedging & vague language

Complex conditionals & mixed hypotheticals

Cleft sentences for information focus

Cleft Structures in Formal Style

Stance adverbials & comment clauses

Passive constructions — advanced uses

Prepositional phrases as clause modifiers

Reporting structures & distancing language

Aspect — perfect vs. continuous for nuance

Fronting & topicalisation

Modal perfects for speculation & regret

Noun phrase complexity & pre-modification

Complex Contrast Structures

Concession & counter-argument in writing and speech

Subordinate adverbial clauses — full range

Spoken grammar — ellipsis, tails & tags

Impersonal & existential structures

Expressing attitude & opinion with precision

Concessive & contrastive structures

Gradable vs. ungradable adjectives & intensifiers

Register shift — formal, neutral, informal

Relative clauses — reduced & non-standard

Causative structures & complex resultatives

Cohesive devices in extended discourse

Hypothetical & subjunctive-like forms

Adverbials of degree, manner & viewpoint

Cause, consequence & purpose — advanced linking

Approximation, vagueness & deliberate ambiguity